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Zaire - translation to italian
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![Mobutu]] was the president of Zaire from 1965 to 1997.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mobutu.jpg?width=200 "Mobutu]] was the president of Zaire from 1965 to 1997.")
.jpg?width=200 "A colorized scanning electron micrograph of the virus")
![[[Phylogenetic tree]] comparing ebolaviruses and marburgviruses. Numbers indicate percent confidence of branches.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Filovirus phylogenetic tree.svg?width=200 "[[Phylogenetic tree]] comparing ebolaviruses and marburgviruses. Numbers indicate percent confidence of branches.")
![[[Mount Nyiragongo]], which last erupted in 2021.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/An aerial view of the towering volcanic peak of Mt. Nyiragongo.jpg?width=200 "[[Mount Nyiragongo]], which last erupted in 2021.")
.jpg?width=200 "FARDC soldiers on patrol in Ituri province")
![Collecting firewood in [[Basankusu]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Basankusu collecting firewood by Francis Hannaway.jpg?width=200 "Collecting firewood in [[Basankusu]].")
![Christian]] couple.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bugidi, the mission engineer, and his wife. Bakundi was a Bateke boy, trained by Grenfell.jpg?width=200 "Christian]] couple.")
![Our Lady of Peace Cathedral]] in [[Bukavu]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cathedrale notre dame de la victoire bukavu.png?width=200 "Our Lady of Peace Cathedral]] in [[Bukavu]]")
![''[[Force Publique]]'' soldiers in the Belgian Congo in 1918. At its peak, the Force Publique had around 19,000 Congolese soldiers, led by 420 Belgian officers.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Congo belge campagne 1918.jpg?width=200 "''[[Force Publique]]'' soldiers in the Belgian Congo in 1918. At its peak, the Force Publique had around 19,000 Congolese soldiers, led by 420 Belgian officers.")
![A group of demobilized [[child soldiers]] in the Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/DRC- Child Soldiers.jpg?width=200 "A group of demobilized [[child soldiers]] in the Democratic Republic of the Congo")
![DR Congo's [[Human Development Index]] scores, 1970–2010.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Democratic Republic of Congo, Trends in the Human Development Index 1970-2010.png?width=200 "DR Congo's [[Human Development Index]] scores, 1970–2010.")
.svg?width=200 "frameless")
.svg?width=200 "A proportional representation of Democratic Republic of the Congo exports, 2019")
 (8458935824).jpg?width=200 "Rough diamonds ≈1 to 1.5 mm in size from DR Congo.")
![Government troops near [[Goma]] during the [[M23 rebellion]] in May 2013](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FARDC and MONUSCO reinforce their presence in and around Goma following a second day (21 May 2013) of clashes between M23 and National troops. (8782972992).jpg?width=200 "Government troops near [[Goma]] during the [[M23 rebellion]] in May 2013")
![Train from [[Lubumbashi]] arriving in [[Kindu]] on a newly refurbished line.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/First train in Kindu, DRC.jpg?width=200 "Train from [[Lubumbashi]] arriving in [[Kindu]] on a newly refurbished line.")
![face masks]] due to the ongoing [[COVID-19 pandemic]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Félix Tshisekedi & Denis Sassou-Nguesso.jpg?width=200 "face masks]] due to the ongoing [[COVID-19 pandemic]].")
![A [[Hemba]] male statue](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hemba male figure1.jpg?width=200 "A [[Hemba]] male statue")
![President [[Joseph Kabila]] with U.S. President [[Barack Obama]] in August 2014](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Joseph Kabila with Obamas 2014.jpg?width=200 "President [[Joseph Kabila]] with U.S. President [[Barack Obama]] in August 2014")
![Congo-Léopoldville]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Joseph Kasa-Vubu in Israel.png?width=200 "Congo-Léopoldville]]")
![[[Joseph Kabila]] was President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from January 2001 to January 2019.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Joseph kabila.jpg?width=200 "[[Joseph Kabila]] was President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from January 2001 to January 2019.")
![[[Salonga National Park]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/La rivière Lulilaka, parc national de Salonga, 2005.jpg?width=200 "[[Salonga National Park]].")
![[[Mobutu Sese Seko]] and Richard Nixon in Washington, D.C., 1973.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mobutu Nixon.jpg?width=200 "[[Mobutu Sese Seko]] and Richard Nixon in Washington, D.C., 1973.")
![[[Lake Kivu]] in [[North Kivu]] province](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nord-Kivu, RD Congo - Vue sur un cratère aux abords de la ville de Goma. (22722760943).jpg?width=200 "[[Lake Kivu]] in [[North Kivu]] province")
![FARDC]] and rebel groups, [[North Kivu]], 2012](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Opening ceremony of new PNC headquarters in Goma (6988913212).jpg?width=200 "FARDC]] and rebel groups, [[North Kivu]], 2012")
.jpg?width=200 "Population fleeing their villages due to fighting between FARDC and rebels groups, Sake North Kivu 30 April 2012")
![Katangan separatists]] in 1961.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Patrice Lumumba official portrait.jpg?width=200 "Katangan separatists]] in 1961.")
![[[Masisi Territory]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paysage du territoire de Masisi (28130228449).jpg?width=200 "[[Masisi Territory]]")
![Prince Bernhard]] in Kinshasa in 1973](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Prince Bernhard and Mobutu Sese Seko 1973.jpg?width=200 "Prince Bernhard]] in Kinshasa in 1973")
![[[Ituri Rainforest]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rainforest - Ituri (20874628148).jpg?width=200 "[[Ituri Rainforest]]")
![Belligerents of the [[Second Congo War]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Second Congo War Africa map en.png?width=200 "Belligerents of the [[Second Congo War]]")
![[[Stade des Martyrs]] in [[Kinshasa]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stade des martyrs 0332 Kinshasa (8756673901).jpg?width=200 "[[Stade des Martyrs]] in [[Kinshasa]].")
![Leopoldville]] Station and Port in 1884](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stanley Founding of Congo Free State 186 View of Leopoldville Station and Port 1884 The Baptist Mission on the summit of Leopold Hill.jpg?width=200 "Leopoldville]] Station and Port in 1884")
Definition
Wikipedia
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Zaire (, also UK: ), officially the Republic of Zaire (French: République du Zaïre, [ʁepyblik dy zaiʁ]), was a Congolese state from 1971 to 1997 in Central Africa that was previously and is now again known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Zaire was, by area, the second-largest country in Africa (after Algeria), and the 11th-largest country in the world. With a population of over 23 million inhabitants, Zaire was the most populous officially Francophone country in Africa, as well as one of the most populous in Africa.
The country was a one-party totalitarian military dictatorship, run by Mobutu Sese Seko and his ruling Popular Movement of the Revolution party. Zaire was established following Mobutu's seizure of power in a military coup in 1965, following five years of political upheaval following independence from Belgium known as the Congo Crisis. Zaire had a strongly centralist constitution, and foreign assets were nationalized. The period is sometimes referred to as the Second Congolese Republic.
A wider campaign of Authenticité, ridding the country of the influences from the colonial era of the Belgian Congo, was also launched under Mobutu's direction. Weakened by the termination of American support after the end of the Cold War, Mobutu was forced to declare a new republic in 1990 to cope with demands for change. By the time of its downfall, Zaire was characterised by widespread cronyism, corruption and economic mismanagement.
Zaire collapsed in the 1990s, amid the destabilization of the eastern parts of the country in the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide and growing ethnic violence. In 1996, Laurent-Désiré Kabila, the head of the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (AFDL) militia, led a popular rebellion against Mobutu. With rebel forces successfully making gains westward, Mobutu fled the country, leaving Kabila's forces in charge as the country restored its name to the Democratic Republic of the Congo the following year, and he died less than four months later while in exile in Morocco.
